Rokan's Journal

Maj Gen HRM Rokan Uddin (Retd)

The emergence of a new government through a free and fair election is always a significant moment in the political history of any nation, and for Bangladesh, such transitions have often carried both hope and challenges. The assumption of power by a leadership where many, including the Prime Minister, are relatively new to governance reflects a generational and structural shift in state management. History suggests that such transitions are rarely smooth in their initial phase, as institutions, administrative mechanisms, and political actors undergo a period of adjustment. Bangladesh’s political evolution since independence in 1971 demonstrates that governance has often passed through phases of instability before achieving relative equilibrium. The early years under Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman saw the enormous challenge of rebuilding a war-ravaged nation. Later, periods of military intervention in 1975–1990 disrupted democratic continuity. The restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1991 marked a turning point, yet the country continued to experience political polarization, confrontational politics, and periodic governance crises. Against this historical drop, the arrival of a new government through electoral legitimacy represents an opportunity to consolidate democratic norms and strengthen institutions.

It is therefore natural that in the early days of a new administration, certain irregularities or shortcomings may appear. Issues such as partisan behavior, nepotism, extortion, weak adherence to democratic practices, or deviation from the spirit of transformative movements-such as the July political awakening-can emerge, particularly when political actors are inexperienced or when institutional checks and balances are still being reasserted. Historically, similar patterns have been observed in many transitional governments worldwide, where initial missteps gradually give way to more structured governance as experience accumulates and systems stabilize. However, time remains a critical factor. The effectiveness of any government is not judged solely by its early actions but by its ability to learn, adapt, and correct courses. Successful administrations, both in Bangladesh and globally, have demonstrated a willingness to acknowledge shortcomings and incorporate constructive feedback. In this regard, the role of criticism becomes vital. A mature democratic system thrives on open dialogue, where criticism is not perceived as hostility but as guidance. Governments that embrace transparency and accountability are better positioned to steer the nation toward long-term stability and progress.

At the same time, political maturity is also required by opposition parties and the public. Bangladesh’s history of hartals, blockades, and violent protests has often resulted in economic losses and social disruption. For instance, studies have shown that prolonged political unrest in the past has cost the country billions of dollars in lost productivity and investment opportunities. In the current context, it is essential that dissent is expressed through peaceful and democratic means, ensuring that governance is not derailed at a crucial formative stage. Another critical dimension is the protection of national sovereignty. Bangladesh’s geopolitical position-situated between major regional powers and along strategic maritime routes-makes it particularly sensitive to external influence. Throughout its history, the country has navigated complex relationships with neighboring states and global powers. Safeguarding sovereignty while maintaining balanced diplomatic relations is therefore essential. A stable internal political environment strengthens a nation’s ability to resist undue external pressure and assert its independent policy choices.

Economically, Bangladesh has made notable progress over the past decades. From being labeled a “basket case” in the 1970s, it has transformed into one of the fastest-growing economies in South Asia, with GDP growth averaging around 6–7% for much of the last decade. The ready-made garments (RMG) sector, remittances, and a growing services sector have been key drivers of this growth. However, global uncertainties-ranging from energy price volatility to shifting geopolitical alliances-pose new challenges. The new government must therefore focus on strengthening economic resilience, diversifying exports, and enhancing financial governance. In terms of national security, modernization of the armed forces remains a priority. Bangladesh has already initiated programs such as “Forces Goal 2030,” aimed at enhancing the capabilities of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Given the evolving nature of security threats, including cyber threats, maritime security concerns in the Bay of Bengal, and regional instability-continued investment in defense modernization is essential for safeguarding national interests. Equally important is the development of human capital through education. Bangladesh has made significant strides in increasing literacy rates—from around 30% in the early 1970s to over 75% in recent years. Yet challenges remain in ensuring quality education, aligning curricula with modern technological demands, and reducing disparities between urban and rural areas. A forward-looking education system is crucial for sustaining economic growth and social stability.

Law and order is another pillar that demands immediate attention. Public confidence in governance is closely tied to the effectiveness of the justice system and the impartial enforcement of law. Reducing crime, curbing corruption, and ensuring accountability across all levels of administration will be key indicators of the government’s commitment to reform. The assumption of power by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) through a fresh electoral mandate marks a significant turning point in Bangladesh’s political trajectory. After a prolonged period of political contestation and public dissatisfaction, this transition has generated high expectations among the people. Citizens are not merely looking for a change in leadership; they are aspiring for a transformation in governance culture-one that is more accountable, inclusive, and forward-looking.

However, the new government has begun its journey amid formidable challenges. The legacy of political polarization, institutional weaknesses, and economic pressures require careful and strategic handling. History offers important lessons. In the past, governance in Bangladesh has often been undermined by confrontational politics, mutual distrust, and cycles of retaliation between political actors. If the new BNP-led government is to succeed, it must consciously break away from this pattern. A key requirement at this stage is political maturity and restraint. The government must proceed cautiously, learning not only from its own past mistakes but also from the shortcomings of previous administrations. The era of politics defined by hostility, character assassination, and zero-sum competition must give way to a more cooperative and respectful approach. Differences of opinion are natural in a democracy, but they must not escalate into enmity or attempts to politically eliminate opponents. A culture of tolerance and mutual respect is essential for democratic consolidation.

At the same time, early signals from the government have generated concern among sections of the public. Allegations of nepotism, partisan appointments, and extortionary practices have surfaced, particularly regarding the placement of relatives of ministers and party affiliates in key institutions such as the Bangladesh Cricket Board, the ICT sector, and universities. Whether these allegations are fully substantiated or not, their perception alone is damaging. Public confidence is fragile in the early phase of any new government, and even isolated incidents can create a broader narrative of continuity with past malpractices. The issue of revisiting previously agreed matters-such as the July Charter and the question of a referendum-has also contributed to uncertainty. Consistency in policy and respect for prior commitments are essential for building trust. Any deviation or ambiguity can be interpreted as a lack of direction or coherence, which the government must avoid at all costs. The expectations of the people are clear: they want a new Bangladesh, not a repetition of old political patterns. This means prioritizing good governance, transparency, and institutional integrity. The government must ensure that appointments are based on merit rather than affiliation, that corruption is addressed decisively, and that public resources are managed responsibly. Establishing strong oversight mechanisms and empowering independent institutions can help in this regard.

Equally important is the need to safeguard national sovereignty. Bangladesh’s geopolitical environment requires a balanced and pragmatic foreign policy. While maintaining constructive relations with all major powers, the country must remain vigilant against any form of external dominance or undue influence. A stable and united domestic front strengthens the country’s ability to pursue an independent and sovereign policy.

Economically, the government faces the dual challenge of sustaining growth while addressing structural vulnerabilities. Inflationary pressures, energy security concerns, and global economic uncertainties demand prudent fiscal and monetary management. At the same time, investments in infrastructure, human capital, and technology must continue to ensure long-term development. Ultimately, the success of this new government will depend on its ability to translate public expectations into tangible outcomes. This requires a clear vision, disciplined execution, and a commitment to ethical governance. If the BNP-led administration can rise above past practices and demonstrate sincerity in reform, it can reshape the political landscape of Bangladesh.